The passion-flower:Her fashioning did wait.Passion Flower Extract.

Contents

• Basic Botanical Info of Passion Flower.
• Botanical Plant Description of of Passion Flower.
• Phytochemicals and Constituents.
• Biological Activities and Clinical Research.
• Preparations and Dosage.
• Possible Interactions and Administration.
• Legend and Folklore:Passion Flower.
• Passion Flower symbolism.
• The passion-flower:Her fashioning did wait.
• Safety and Acute toxicity.
• How Search engine think about passion flower.
• Research update.
• Photo Gallery of Passion Flower.

Possible Interactions and Administration.:

Possible Interactions:

 Passion flower should be used with caution in conjunction with CNS-depressants or stimulants.

 Specifically, this herb should not be used at all in conjunction with the potent CNS-depressant analgesic, methotrimeprazine.

 Comments:

 To minimize central nervous system depression and possible synergism, it would be wise to avoid using passion flower with procarbazine antineoplastic drugs.

 The neuromuscular relaxing action of passion flower may be enhanced by the use of certain aminoglycoside antibiotics, such as clindamycin.

 In the absence of other hard data, it may be assumed that observable interactions occur between the many central nervous system drugs and the psychoactive principles in this herb.
 

 Toxicity Levels:

 No toxicity of passion flower has been noted, although harman alkaloids have demonstrated toxic effects (as discussed in the Method of Action section).


 Side Effects and Warnings:

 Passion flower is generally considered to be a safe herb, with few reported serious adverse events. In cases of side effects, the products being used have rarely been tested for contamination (which may have been the cause). There is a report of children in Costa Rica who died from eating passiflora fruit ( P. adenopoda ) due to cyanide poisoning, derived from a substance (cyanogenic B-glycoside) in the fruit. However, in other studies, these substances (cyanogenic alkaloids) have not been found in passiflora fruit.

 Rapid heart rate and rhythm, nausea, and vomiting have been reported. Side effects may also include drowsiness/sedation and mental slowing. Use caution if you are driving or operating heavy machinery.

 Passion flower may theoretically increase the risk of bleeding and alter blood tests that measure blood clotting (international normalized ratio or "INR").

 There is a case report of liver failure and death of a patient taking a preparation of passion flower with kava. Patients should use caution with any kava-containing products, as kava has been associated with liver damage. The cause of the liver damage is less likely related to the presence of passion flower.
 

 Pregnancy and Breastfeeding:

 There is not enough scientific evidence to recommend the safe use of passion flower in any dose during pregnancy or breastfeeding. During the 1930s, animal studies found uterine stimulant action in components of Passiflora .

 Many tinctures contain high levels of alcohol, and should be avoided during pregnancy.

 Interactions:

 Most herbs and supplements have not been thoroughly tested for interactions with other herbs, supplements, drugs, or foods. The interactions listed below are based on reports in scientific publications, laboratory experiments, or traditional use. You should always read product labels. If you have a medical condition, or are taking other drugs, herbs, or supplements, you should speak with a qualified healthcare provider before starting a new therapy.
 


 Interactions with Drugs:

 Certain substances (harmala alkaloids) with monoamine oxidase inhibitory (MAOI) action have been found in small amounts in some species of Passiflora. Although levels of these substances may be too low to be cause noticeable effects, in theory, use of passion flower with MAOI drugs may cause additive effects. MAOI drugs include Isocarboxazid (Marplan?), phenelzine (Nardil?), and tranylcypromine (Parnate?).

 Based on animal research, use of passion flower with alcohol or other sedative-hypnotic drugs may increase the amount of drowsiness caused by some drugs. Examples include benzodiazepines such as lorazepam (Ativan?) or diazepam (Valium?), barbiturates such as phenobarbital, narcotics such as codeine, some antidepressants, and alcohol. Caution is advised while driving or operating machinery.

 Passionflower may in theory increase the risk of bleeding when taken with drugs that increase the risk of bleeding. Some examples include aspirin, anticoagulants ("blood thinners") such as warfarin (Coumadin?) or heparin, anti-platelet drugs such as clopidogel (Plavix?), and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs such as ibuprofen (Motrin?, Advil?) or naproxen (Naprosyn?, Aleve?). Literature review reveals no reported cases of significant bleeding in humans with passion flower.

 Many tinctures contain high levels of alcohol, and may cause nausea or vomiting when taken with metronidazole (Flagyl?) or disulfiram (Antabuse?).
 

 Interactions with Herbs and Dietary Supplements:

 Certain substances (harmala alkaloids) with monoamine oxidase inhibitory (MAOI) action have been found in small amounts in some species of Passiflora. Although levels of these substances may be too low to be cause noticeable effects, in theory, use of passion flower with herbs or supplements with MAOI activity may cause additive effects. Herbs and supplements with possible MAOI activity include 5-HTP (5-Hydroxytryptophan), California poppy, chromium, DHEA (Dehydroepiandrosterone), DLPA (DL Phenylalanine), ephedra, evening primrose oil, fenugreek, Ginkgo biloba , hops, mace, St. John's wort, SAMe (S-adenosylmethionine), sepia, tyrosine, valerian, vitamin B6, and yohimbe bark extract. In theory, use of passion flower with caffeine, guarana, or ephedra (Ma huang) may cause an increased risk of elevated blood pressure.


 Based on animal research, use of passion flower with sedative-hypnotic herbs or supplements may increase the amount of drowsiness caused by some herbs or supplements. Examples include: calamus, calendula, California poppy, capsicum, catnip, celery, couch grass, dogwood, elecampane, German chamomile, goldenseal, gotu kola, hops, kava (may help sleep without drowsiness), lavender aromatherapy, lemon balm, sage, sassafras, skullcap, shepherd's purse, Siberian ginseng, St. John's wort, stinging nettle, valerian, wild carrot, wild lettuce, withania root, and yerba mansa. Caution is advised while driving or operating machinery.

 Passionflower may in theory increase the risk of bleeding when taken with herbs or supplements that increase the risk of bleeding. Multiple cases of bleeding have been reported with the use of Ginkgo biloba , and fewer cases with garlic and saw palmetto. Numerous other agents may theoretically increase the risk of bleeding, although this has not been proven in most cases. Some examples include: alfalfa, American ginseng, angelica, anise, Arnica montana , asafetida, aspen bark, bilberry, birch, black cohosh, bladderwrack, bogbean, boldo, borage seed oil, bromelain, capsicum, cat's claw, celery, chamomile, chaparral, clove, coleus, cordyceps, danshen, devil's claw, dong quai, evening primrose, fenugreek, feverfew, flaxseed/flax powder (not a concern with flaxseed oil), ginger, grapefruit juice, grapeseed, green tea, guggul, gymnestra, horse chestnut, horseradish, licorice root, lovage root, male fern, meadowsweet, nordihydroguairetic acid (NDGA), onion, papain, panax ginseng, parsley, poplar, prickly Ash, propolis, quassia, red clover, reishi, Siberian ginseng, sweet clover, rue, sweet birch, sweet clover, turmeric , vitamin E, white willow, wild carrot, wild lettuce, willow, wintergreen, and yucca. Literature review reveals no reported cases of clinically significant bleeding in humans with passion flower.
 

 Interactions with Foods:

 Certain substances (harmala alkaloids) with monoamine oxidase inhibitory (MAOI) action have been found in small amounts in some species of Passiflora. Although levels of these substances may be too low to be cause noticeable effects, in theory, use of passion flower with tyramine/tryptophan containing foods may cause an increased risk of dangerously high blood pressure (hypertensive crisis). These include protein foods that have been aged/preserved. Specific examples of foods are anchovies, avocados, bananas, bean curd, beer (alcohol-free/reduced), caffeine (large amounts), caviar, champagne, cheeses (particularly aged, processed, or strong varieties), chocolate, dry sausage/salami/bologna, fava beans, figs, herring (pickled), liver (particularly chicken), meat tenderizers, papaya, protein extracts/powder, raisins, shrimp paste, sour cream, soy sauce, wine (particularly chianti), yeast extracts, and yogurt.

Reference:

• The passion-flower:Her fashioning did wait.Passion Flower Extract.

This article written and edited via herbalist of MDidea Extracts Professional. They run a range of online descriptions about this herb,including general information related and summarized updating discoveries from findings of professional scientisits this field related.Describe style aimed to form a useful detecting literature space where the intertwined threshold and related questions raise out and visualize themselves.

♣ last edit date:09th,Oct.2010.